Mildly entertaining extras

Just since playing with ascii terminals isn't all that exciting, here are some functions that let you

get keyboard input without making the user hit enter
change the colour of text and background on the terminal window
figure out how big the terminal window currently is
jump the cursor to a specific point in the window
pause the program for a fixed number of seconds
clear the screen

The code is provided through a header file, effects.h

To include the set of functions in a program, just make sure you copy the effects.h file to the same directory as the rest of your code, and in your .cpp or .C file add
#include "effects.h"

The functions it provides are:

keyquick: to detect if a key has been pressed and what it was
clear: to clear the screen
sysPause: to pause the program for a set amount of time
getTermSize: to find out how big the terminal window is (how many rows/columns of text)
moveCursor: to jump the cursor directly to a specific row, column
chgText: to change the colour of (future) text
chgBack: to change the colour of the background
chgFormat: to enable/disable bold, underline, etc

Example:

Here are more details on the various functions:

bool keyQuick(char &c);
Returns true if the user has pressed a key (false otherwise) and returns the key in parameter c
```
// usage
char ch;
if (keyQuick(ch)) {
   // user pressed a key, the character is in ch, do what you will
   ......
}
```
void sysPause(float t);
Pauses the system for t seconds, where t can be between 0.05 and 1800
```
// usage
sysPause(0.1); // pause 0.1 seconds
```
void getTermSize(long &h, long &w);
Gets the height and width of the terminal window (e.g. 24 characters high by 80 characters wide)
```
// usage
long height, width;
getTermSize(height, width);
```
void moveCursor(long row, long col);
Moves the cursor to a specific row and column (1,1 is top left) // usage moveCursor(4,20); // jump to 4th row, 20th column
void clear();
Clears the screen and moves the cursor to the top left
```
// usage
clear();
```
void chgText(Colour c);
void chgBack(Colour c);
Change the colour of the text or the background where the colours can be any of Black, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Purple, Pale, Grey or DefCol to restore all defaults
But different terminal types actually map the colours differently, so YMMV
```
// usage
chgText(Red);
chgBack(Green);
```
void chgFormat(FormType t);
Changes the display format (highlighting and other effects). The specified format can be any of the following: Clear, Bold, Underline, Faint, Negative, Normal, Alt, or DefForm to restore all defaults. (Normal and Alt toggle between the two terminal character fonts.)
But different terminal types actually map the fonts differently, so YMMV
```
// usage
chgFormat(Bold);
```

// The sample program that produces the image at the top of the page
#include "effects.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
   clear();

   chgText(Red);
   cout << "\nEXPERIMENTING WITH ";
   chgFormat(Underline);
   cout << "EFFECTS";
   chgFormat(DefForm);
   cout << endl << endl;

   chgText(Blue);
   long height, width;
   getTermSize(height, width);
   cout << "The terminal size is: " << height << "," << width << endl;

   chgText(Green);
   cout << "Hit a key when you're ready" << endl;
   char ch;
   int count = 0;
   while (true) {
      if (keyQuick(ch)) break;
      cout << ".";
      cout.flush();
      sysPause(0.1);
      count++;
   }
   cout << "\n\nIt took you " << (0.1*count) << " seconds to hit " << ch << endl << endl;

   chgFormat(Bold);
   cout << "\nBYE NOW!!\n\n";

   chgText(DefCol);
   chgFormat(DefForm);
}

// And a program to throw random X's across your window
#include "effects.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

void drawBlack(long rows, long cols);
void throwDarts(long rows, long cols, long darts);

int main()
{
   long rows, cols;
   getTermSize(rows,cols);
   drawBlack(rows,cols);
   throwDarts(rows,cols, rows*cols);
   chgText(DefCol);
   chgBack(DefCol);
   chgFormat(DefForm);
}

void drawBlack(long rows, long cols)
{
   chgBack(Black);
   clear();
   for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
       for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
           cout << " ";
       }
       cout << "\n";
   }
}

void throwDarts(long rows, long cols, long darts)
{
   srand(time(NULL));
   chgText(Red);
   chgFormat(Bold);
   for (int d = 0; d < darts; d++) {
       sysPause(0.2);
       long r = 1 + rand() % rows;
       long c = 1 + rand() % cols;
       moveCursor(r,c);
       cout << "X";
       cout.flush();
   }
}